Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are the first responders to inflammation or
injury in the central nervous system. Recent research has revealed microglia to be dynamic,
capable of assuming both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Both M1 (pro-
inflammatory) and M2 (pro-reparative) phenotypes play an important role in
neuroinflammatory conditions such as perinatal brain injury, and exhibit differing functions in
response to certain environmental stimuli. The modulation of microglial activation has been …